Our eyes are remarkable, offering us a gateway to the world’s beauty. But, like any delicate mechanism, they require care and regular attention to ensure they remain in good shape. One aspect of eye health that often goes unnoticed but plays a significant role in maintaining vision is intraocular pressure, or simply, eye pressure.

What Is Eye Pressure?

Eye pressure refers to the fluid pressure inside your eye, scientifically called intraocular pressure (IOP). The eye is filled with a fluid known as aqueous humor, which circulates through a drainage system to maintain balance. When this system works smoothly, your eye pressure stays at a healthy level. But if the drainage becomes blocked or the fluid is produced excessively, the pressure can increase.

Normal eye pressure typically ranges between 10 and 21 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). When the pressure exceeds this range, it may indicate an issue requiring attention.

Why Is High Eye Pressure Concerning?

Imagine a balloon being overinflated. The more air you pump in, the greater the stress on its surface. Similarly, increased pressure in the eye places stress on the optic nerve, which transmits visual information to the brain. Left unchecked, high eye pressure can damage this crucial nerve, leading to vision problems or even irreversible vision loss.

High eye pressure is a significant risk factor for glaucoma, a condition often referred to as the “sneak thief of sight.” Many people with high eye pressure don’t experience any symptoms until vision loss has already occurred. This is why regular eye tests with an optometrist are so critical—they can detect changes in your eye pressure before they lead to more serious conditions.

What Causes High Eye Pressure?

High eye pressure doesn’t happen randomly. Various factors contribute to its development, including:

• Blocked drainage system: If the eye’s drainage channels become clogged, fluid accumulates, increasing pressure.
• Overproduction of fluid: Excessive production of aqueous humor can raise pressure levels.
• Ageing: As we grow older, the eye’s natural drainage system may lose efficiency.
• Genetics: A family history of high eye pressure or glaucoma increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Medications: Some medications, like corticosteroids, can lead to elevated eye pressure.
• Eye trauma: Previous injuries can affect the eye’s ability to regulate pressure.

Detecting High Eye Pressure

Unlike other health concerns, high eye pressure doesn’t come with obvious symptoms. This makes regular visits to an optometrist essential. During an eye exam, your optometrist will use a procedure called tonometry to measure your eye pressure.

Modern devices make the process quick and painless. Alongside pressure tests, the optometrist may examine the optic nerve and check your peripheral vision to rule out glaucoma.

Potential Complications of High Eye Pressure

If ignored, elevated eye pressure can lead to serious complications, including:

1. Glaucoma:
   • Open-angle glaucoma: The most common type, where the pressure gradually damages the optic nerve.
   • Angle-closure glaucoma: A sudden, painful increase in pressure requiring immediate medical attention.
2. Optic nerve damage: Persistent high pressure can cause permanent damage to the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss.
3. Corneal damage: High pressure can stress the cornea, affecting its clarity and shape.

Can High Eye Pressure Be Prevented?

Prevention often starts with awareness. Adopting these simple habits can significantly reduce the risk of developing high eye pressure:

• Regular eye tests: Visit an optometrist at least every two years, or more frequently if you’re at higher risk.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can help lower eye pressure.
• Healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids supports overall eye health.
• Avoid smoking: Smoking has been linked to poor blood circulation, including in the eyes.
• Monitor medications: If you use corticosteroids or other medications, discuss their potential side effects with your doctor.

Treatment Options for High Eye Pressure

When it comes to treatment, the goal is to lower the pressure to a safer level. Depending on your specific needs, an optometrist may recommend:

• Eye drops: These reduce fluid production or improve drainage.
• Laser treatment: A quick procedure to improve the eye’s drainage system.
• Surgery: Reserved for cases where other treatments don’t work.

It’s crucial to follow your optometrist’s advice closely. Skipping treatments or checkups can increase the risk of complications.

Your Eyes Deserve Attention

Maintaining healthy vision isn’t just about seeing clearly—it’s about preserving your quality of life. High eye pressure is silent but significant, making routine visits to your optometrist vital. Stay proactive, and remember that early detection and treatment can make all the difference in protecting your vision for years to come. Book your next eye exam today and take a step towards better eye health!